Equivalences and translations between consequence relations abound in logic. The notion of equivalence can be defined syntactically, in terms of translations of formulas, and order-theoretically, in terms of the associated lattices of theories. W. Blok and D. Pigozzi proved in [4] that the two definitions coincide in the case of an algebraizable sentential deductive system. A refined treatment of this equivalence was provided by W. Blok and B. Jónsson in [3]. Other authors have extended this result to the cases of (...) k-deductive systems and of consequence relations on associative, commutative, multiple conclusion sequents. Our main result subsumes all existing results in the literature and reveals their common character. The proofs are of order-theoretic and categorical nature. (shrink)

Bu kitap sizi, Antik yazarlarca kapısı aralanan ve Orta Çağ filozoflarınca belirli bir yetkinlik düzeyine ulaştırılan bir bilimle tanıştıracak: Bitkilerin bilimi. Sanki bir ritüelin parçası gibi sürekli tekrar edilmesi gereken bir cümle, 3 farklı dilde gözler önündedir: -/- ان الحياة موجودة في الحيوان والنبات Vita et in animalibus et in plantis esse deprehensa est. Yaşam, hayvanlarda ve bitkilerde mevcuttur. -/- Aristoteles’e göre bitkilerde zihnî herhangi bir melekenin bulunmadığı, bitkilerin yalnızca beslenme, büyüme, gelişme ve üreme gibi yetilerle donandığı görülür. Bu sayılan (...) yetiler de herhangi bir öznellikten azade, edilgin, mekanik süreçlerdir. Esasında Aristoteles’in bitki tasarımı, bitkilere atfedilebilecek en ufak bir iradi ya da ihtiyari hareketin, rasyonel herhangi bir ilkenin ayıklanması suretiyle bitkisel fenomenlerin yalın, basit, pasif olduklarının ikrarıdır. Çünkü bitkilere layık gördüğü nebati nefs ya da bitkisel canlılık ancak ve ancak bu kadarına kadir ve ancak bu kadarını kabildir. -/- Gayriinsani organizmaların tasnifine dönük biyoçeşitlilik çalışmalarından elde edilen veriler, büyük resmi görmek ve göstermek bakımından gerekli ve faydalıdır. Biyosferin ve hatta gezegenin selameti açısından bakterilerin, mantarların ve hayvanların neden önemli oldukları da tartışmaya kapalıdır. Ancak şu soru hayati önemdedir: Gerek biyokütleleri gerek insanın günlük hayatına giren tür sayıları ve gerek gerçek hayatta insanın hayatını idame etme maksadıyla kurduğu türlü ilişkilerde maddi kaynak olmaları bakımından, bitkiler âleminin tüm bireylerinin gezegende yaşamın süregitmesi adına belki de ilk sırada sayılması gereken canlılar topluluğu olduğunu anlamamız için acaba kıyamet günü mü beklenmektedir? -/- Şamlı Nikolaos’un Aristoteles’ten ilham alarak dile getirdiği, önce İbn Sînâ, ardından İbn Bâcce tarafından yorumlanmış kült bir eserdir Kitâbu’n-Nebât. Bu silsileden günümüze intikal eden metinlerin Arapça ve Latince orijinalleriyle Türkçe tercümeleri belirli bir amaç dâhilinde fiziksel dünyanın bir parçası olan bitkisel fenomenleri sistematik olarak incelemiş, gözlemlemiş, kendi dönemlerindeki paradigma içerisinde nedensellik bağı kurarak açıklamaya çalışmış filozofların metinleridir. Dolayısıyla Antik ve Orta Çağ’daki bilginlerin bitkiler üzerindeki entelektüel emeklerini bilim olarak adlandırmamız ve bu eserleri bilim tarihi alanında ele almamız bir yöntem, bir yoldur. Hatta bitki bilimi felsefesi için bitki bilimi tarihine bakmamız gerektiğini gösteren belki de en doğru yol budur. (shrink)

A partir de son apparemment étrange observation d'une influence cachée des étoiles sur l'action humaine une attentive reconsidération du concept de l'actus humanus de Saint Thomas dans la Prima Secundae révèle une vue plus ample des processus internes à l'agent humain qui contribuent à la spécification individuelle de l'action humaine et, donc, de la liberté humaine. Il semble que parmi les adeptes de la théorie thomiste de l'action, l'influence importante que l'appétit sensible peut exercer en cette direction, tout en restant (...) entièrement caché aux actes conscients de l'intellect et de la volonté de la personne, n'a pas été reconnue jusqu'aujourd'hui. Dans sa théorie de l'action Saint Thomas fournit un cadre solide pour une réflexion ultérieure sur l'influence de l'inconscient dynamique sur la liberté et pour une intégration critique interdisciplinaire des intuitions valides de la psychologie des profondeurs. En plus, il semble que la redécouverte de son concept plus large de l'actus humunus rende possible de repenser à profit certains éléments classique de son éthique. (shrink)

The Catalogue of Palm Leaf Manuscripts kept in the Otani University Library. Otani University Library, Kyoto 1995. lxxxi, 778 pp. No price given.

Unethical behaviour, such as corruption and fraud, is a massive problem in today's business world. Research in the fields of business ethics and moral psychology has presented compelling evidence of a series of behavioural concepts that might influence an individual's propensity to engage in unethical conduct. Yet, it is still unknown how these concepts apply to more ecologically valid contexts such as real-world scandals on unethical behaviour. Motivated by this, we use empirical qualitative evidence from one of Denmark's largest corruption (...) scandals to explore how well renowned concepts within business ethics and moral psychology hold up in the real world, when looking into both what causes unethical behaviour and how it could be minimised. We find evidence that catalysts of immoral conduct in the case company are well supported by some of the most well researched concepts in the research area, and our research indicates a possible real-world interaction between concepts. (shrink)

Context: Metaphysics of perception explores fundamental questions regarding the structure and status of the perceived world or appearance(s. By virtue of perception, the apparent world comes to existence. This, however, does not mean that the apparent world is a projection of mind, that it exists “in the head.” Implications: PL-metaphysics reconciles realism with constructivism. As such, it might be considered either an alternative to constructivism or an improvement and completion of this position. Constructivist content: The article refers to non-Cartesian movements (...) in contemporary philosophy, including radical constructivism, enactive and embodied cognition. Keywords: Perception, metaphysics, radical constructivism, realism, appearance, Jerzy Perzanowski, Plato, Gottfried Willhelm Leibniz, Ernst von Glasersfeld. (shrink)

"A collection of essays that addresses philosophical aspects of the films of Quentin Tarantino, focusing on topics in ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, language, and cultural identity"--Provided by publisher.

The effects of the vacuum electromagnetic fluctuations and the radiation reaction fields on the time development of a simple microscopic system are identified using a new mathematical method. This is done by studying a charged mechanical oscillator (frequency Ω 0)within the realm of stochastic electrodynamics, where the vacuum plays the role of an energy reservoir. According to our approach, which may be regarded as a simple mathematical exercise, we show how the oscillator Liouville equation is transformed into a Schrödinger-like stochastic (...) equation with a free parameter h′ with dimensions of action. The role of the physical Planck's constant h is introduced only through the zero-point vacuum electromagnetic fields. The perturbative and the exact solutions of the stochastic Schrödinger-like equation are presented for h′>0. The exact solutions for which h′<h are called sub-Heisenberg states. These nonperturbative solutions appear in the form of Gaussian, non-Heisenberg states for which the initial classical uncertainty relation takes the form 〈(δx 2)〉〈(δp) 2 〉=(h′/2) 2,which includes the limit of zero indeterminacy (h → 0). We show how the radiation reaction and the vacuum fields govern the evolution of these non-Heisenberg states in phase space, guaranteeing their decay to the stationary state with average energy hΩ 0 /2 and 〈(δx) 2 〉〈(δp) 2 〉=h 2 /4 at zero temperature. Environmental and thermal effects-are briefly discussed and the connection with similar works within the realm of quantum electrodynamics is also presented. We suggest some other applications of the classical non-Heisenberg states introduced in this paper and we also indicate experiments which might give concrete evidence of these states. (shrink)

The author analyses the development of the views of A. Sirácky from the second half of the 1960s on the role of philosophy and its relationship to the newly established sociology. It was a period, when the most part of the humanities felt themselves free and independent. During the normalisation period this process was violently interrupted. The author's point is, that A. Sirácky as a representative of Slovak intellectual elite also took part in this process, enforced from outside. In spite (...) of certain criticism against Marxist dogmatism he himself in his conception pursued consequently a dogma, according to which both sociology and philosophy are ideological disciplines. (shrink)